Unable to use applyMiddleware (from graphql-middleware) after upgrading to 2.2.0

With a minimum graphql server with express, apollo-server 2.2.0 throws Error: Unable to generate server introspection document. while trying to apply middleware (graphql-shield) on the server with graphql-middleware

const { ApolloServer } = require('apollo-server-express');
const { makeExecutableSchema } = require('graphql-tools');
const { applyMiddleware } = require('graphql-middleware');
const { shield } = require('graphql-shield');

const typeDefs = `
	type Query {
		me: String!
	}

	type Mutation {
		test: String!
	}
`;
const resolvers = {
	Query: {
		me: () => 'me'
	},
	Mutation: {
		test: () => 'hi'
	}
};

const permissions = shield({
	Query: {
		me: true
	},
	Mutation: {
		test: true
	}
});

const schema = applyMiddleware(
	makeExecutableSchema({ typeDefs, resolvers }),
	permissions
);
const server = new ApolloServer({
	mocks: false,
	schema,
	context: ({ req }) => ({
		...req
	})
});
const app = express();
server.applyMiddleware({ app, path: '/graphql' });
app.listen({ port: 4000 }, () => {
	console.log(`🚀 Server ready at http://localhost:4000`);
});

which gives the following error:

/Users/hinsxd/projects/askmrfox/test/node_modules/apollo-server-core/dist/utils/schemaHash.js:16
        throw new Error('Unable to generate server introspection document.');
        ^

Error: Unable to generate server introspection document.
    at Object.generateSchemaHash (/Users/hinsxd/projects/askmrfox/test/node_modules/apollo-server-core/dist/utils/schemaHash.js:16:15)
    at new ApolloServerBase (/Users/hinsxd/projects/askmrfox/test/node_modules/apollo-server-core/dist/ApolloServer.js:157:40)
    at new ApolloServer (/Users/hinsxd/projects/askmrfox/test/node_modules/apollo-server-express/dist/ApolloServer.js:44:1)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/hinsxd/projects/askmrfox/test/src/index.js:38:16)
    at Module._compile (module.js:653:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:664:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:566:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (module.js:506:12)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:498:3)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:694:10)
[nodemon] app crashed - waiting for file changes before starting...

[juank11memphis]

I tried using version 2.2.1 thinking the problem was going to be fixed, but I am still getting the same error. This should not be a version with breaking changes, I would expect just to update the version and everything to keep working as before…

[abernix]

Closing as a duplicate of #1935. I’ve responded over there as to the problem, but the short explanation is that the execution of an introspection query, which is not supposed to run asynchronously. The situation occurring here is that resolvers are being wrapped in a way which doesn’t maintain their original execution dynamics, thus violating this assumption. See related: https://github.com/graphql/graphql-js/pull/1120.