Union error: "variable '....' of type '....' referenced from scope '', but it is not defined"

We have some code that uses unions, like so:

public interface IUser { }

public class Employee : IUser
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

public class UsersContext : IUsersContext
{
    public List<IUser> Users { get; set; } = new()
    {
        new Employee
        {
            Name = "test user"
        }
    };
}

public interface IUsersContext
{
    public List<IUser> Users { get; }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

        builder.Services.AddCors();
        builder.Services.AddTransient<IUsersContext, UsersContext>();
        builder.Services.AddGraphQLSchema<IUsersContext>(options =>
        {
            options.AutoBuildSchemaFromContext = false;

            options.ConfigureSchema = (schema) =>
            {
                schema.AddUnion<IUser>("user", null);
                schema.Type<IUser>().AddAllPossibleTypes();

                schema.UpdateQuery(queryType =>
                {
                    queryType.ReplaceField(
                        "users",
                        db => db.Users,
                        null
                    );
                });
            };
        });

        var app = builder.Build();
        app.UseHttpsRedirection();
        app.UseRouting();
        app.UseCors(builder =>
        {
            builder
            .WithOrigins("*")
            .WithMethods("POST")
            .AllowAnyHeader();
        });
        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints => endpoints.MapGraphQL<IUsersContext>());
        app.Run();
    }
}

When I execute this query:

{
   users
   {
      ... on Employee
      {
         name
      }
   }
}

I get this exception:

System.InvalidOperationException
  HResult=0x80131509
  Message=variable 'p_Employee' of type 'Example.Employee' referenced from scope '', but it is not defined
  Source=System.Linq.Expressions
  StackTrace:
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Reference(ParameterExpression node, VariableStorageKind storage)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ParameterExpression.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.MemberExpression.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberBinding(MemberBinding node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.Visit[T](ReadOnlyCollection`1 nodes, Func`2 elementVisitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.MemberInitExpression.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.Visit(ReadOnlyCollection`1 nodes)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.VisitLambda[T](Expression`1 node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Dynamic.Utils.ExpressionVisitorUtils.VisitArguments(ExpressionVisitor visitor, IArgumentProvider nodes)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.MethodCallExpression.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Dynamic.Utils.ExpressionVisitorUtils.VisitArguments(ExpressionVisitor visitor, IArgumentProvider nodes)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.MethodCallExpression.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor.Visit(ReadOnlyCollection`1 nodes)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.VisitLambda[T](Expression`1 node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1.Accept(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.VariableBinder.Visit(Expression node)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler.LambdaCompiler.Compile(LambdaExpression lambda)
   at System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression.Compile()
   at EntityGraphQL.Compiler.ExecutableGraphQLStatement.<ExecuteExpressionAsync>d__32.MoveNext() in EntityGraphQL\Compiler\GqlNodes\ExecutableGraphQLStatement.cs:line 244

The error message appears to be similar to #239, but the repro steps are different.

This was tested with commit 099aad8cdb3b6c8f4dbc4b17b4727ba408dfb0f3

[bzbetty]

oh interesting, my error seems to be due to not wrapping the sample app in a namespace - that’s really confusing!

[Eli-Black-Work]

@bzbetty and @lukemurray It works! Thank you! ^_^

I’ve confirmed that both bugs that were discovered in this issue have been fixed 🙂

• https://github.com/EntityGraphQL/EntityGraphQL/issues/264#issue-1397293409
• https://github.com/EntityGraphQL/EntityGraphQL/issues/264#issuecomment-1275635180

Thanks again! 🙂