Switch all methods to use a single options object

Between https://github.com/Esri/arcgis-rest-js/issues/73 and https://github.com/Esri/arcgis-rest-js/pull/74 it seems we are struggling to figure out the right order of options and how to pass commonly used things like owner and portal. I am going to suggest the following:

1. Every method accepts a single options object.
2. That object is strictly typed and inherits from IRequestOptions or another options interface that inherits from IRequestOptions.
3. request now looks like

   interface IRequestOptions () {
     url: string;
     params?: IParams;
     httpMethod?: HTTPMethods;
     authentication?: IAuthenticationManager;
     fetch?: (input: RequestInfo, init?: RequestInit) => Promise<Response>;
   }
   
   request(options: IRequestOptions) {
     /** request **/
   }
   

4. Methods that wrap request are now implemented like:

   interface IReassignItemOptions extends IRequestOptions() {
     /**
      * `url` is not allowed in `IReassignItemOptions`. Use `portal` instead.
      */
     url: void;
     itemId: string;
     owner: string;
     newOwner: string;
     newFolder?: string;
     portal?: string;
   }
   
   reassignItem(options: IReassignItemOptions) {
     /*
      * `portal` and `currentOwner` can default to `options.authentication.username`
      * and `options.authentication.portal` or be overridden by the `portal` and `owner` options.
      */
   }
   

5. portal should be removed from IRequestOptions since not all methods require it https://github.com/Esri/arcgis-rest-js/blob/master/packages/arcgis-rest-request/src/request.ts#L51.

[patrickarlt]

I’m all for what @tomwayson said about keeping URL as its own param in https://github.com/Esri/arcgis-rest-js/issues/75#issuecomment-349775514. I updated my original proposal to match.

[jgravois]

resolved via #78