[V3] Write stub issues for new concept exercises

Here is a list of concepts modified from the C# one. I marked a few that I know exist already, but we should add design document to ALL our current exercises too.

How can you help?:

SEE https://github.com/exercism/javascript/issues/951#issuecomment-778834953 if you want something ACTIONABLE.

1. For many of these we don’t have exercises or exercise ideas yet, for example chars + codepoints doesn’t exist yet. These need a implement new exercise issue with all the relevant information (see current open issues).
2. Some of these concepts do have exercise ideas (and/or are being worked on), for example errors. Ignore those.
3. Some of these already have exercises, but are not mentioned in the exercise. @ErikSchierboom can you explain how you assign the concepts and how it gets turned into that automated reference readme document? Once Erik does, we need to update our files (design doc, config.json) so we can do this too.
4. We’re missing quite a few things from this document. Things missing should be added here and go through the above three “steps”.

Concepts

• arrays (Array.prototype)
• assignment
• basics
• bit-manipulation
• booleans (boolean)
• casting (JavaScript term: type-conversion)
• chars (JavaScript term: chars and codepoints)
• classes (JavaScript term alternative: prototypes)
• closures
• codepoints
• conditionals-ternary
• constants (const for bindings, Object.freeze for immutability)
• constructors
• datetimes (Date.prototype)
• default-value (in: parameter/argument, destructuring)
• dictionaries (Map.prototype, WeakMap.prototype, object)
• encapsulation (JavaScript term: closures)
• equality
• exception-filtering (JavaScript term: type-checking)
• exceptions
• fields (JavaScript term: properties)
• floating-point-numbers (JavaScript term: numbers)
• for-loops
• foreach-loops
• functions
• if-statements
• implicit-casting
• imports (JavaScript term: module imports)
• inheritance (JavaScript term: prototype inheritance)
• interpolation
• math-operators
• method-overloading
• mutation
• named-arguments
• modules
• module-exports
• module-imports
• module-dynamic-imports
• null-coalescing
• null-conditional
• nullability
• numbers
• objects (JavaScript term: instances, or object with prototype)
• optional-arguments (
• optional-parameters
• overflow
• parameters
• polymorphism (JavaScript term: duck-typing)
• properties
• randomness
• readonly-collections (deep immutability)
• regular-expressions (RegExp.prototype)
• return-values
• scoping
• sets (Set.prototype, WeakSet.prototype)
• state
• string-formatting
• strings
• switch-statements
• throw-expressions
• time (DateTime.prototype)
• type-conversion
• user-defined-exceptions
• variables
• while-loops

Essential Concepts

• anonymous-classes
• anonymous-functions
• async
• delegates (Proxy.prototype)
• enumerables ([Symbol.iterator])
• events
• higher-order-functions
• indexers
• recursion
• serialization (JSON.stringify, FormData)
• statics
• ~streams~ (node/web/dom API only)
• yield (generators)

Advanced Concepts

• aysnc-iterators ([Symbol.asyncIterator])
• immutability
• immutable-collections
• multi-dimensional-array

[junedev]

Finished the proposal for the first 20 concept exercises. Will start to create issues for the missing exercises first (status 🔴), will follow the template that was used for the issues so far.

Once we got the 20 exercises sorted, I will try to come back here and create a somewhat more complete list of concepts.

[junedev]

I like the new formatting, thanks!