Mockito 3.11.0 seems to fail in Android instrumentation tests

After upgrading from 3.10.0 to 3.11.0, our instrumentation tests started failing with a strange error about Mockito plugins:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:84)
	at java.lang.reflect.Proxy.invoke(Proxy.java:1006)
	at $Proxy12.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:33)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:250)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:232)
	at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:83)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1954)
	at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1865)
	at com.blueapron.service.mock.ServiceTestApplication$1.mock(ServiceTestApplication.java:29)
	at com.blueapron.testcommon.StaticMock.provide(StaticMock.java:42)
	at com.blueapron.service.mock.InstrumentAppModule.provideClock_impl(InstrumentAppModule.java:55)
	at com.blueapron.service.dagger.ApplicationModule.provideClock(ApplicationModule.java:230)
	at com.blueapron.service.dagger.ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.provideClock(ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.java:35)
	at com.blueapron.service.dagger.ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.get(ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.java:27)
	at com.blueapron.service.dagger.ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.get(ApplicationModule_ProvideClockFactory.java:9)
	at dagger.internal.DoubleCheck.get(DoubleCheck.java:47)
	at com.blueapron.service.mock.DaggerInstrumentApplicationComponent.injectTimeUtils(DaggerInstrumentApplicationComponent.java:653)
	at com.blueapron.service.mock.DaggerInstrumentApplicationComponent.inject(DaggerInstrumentApplicationComponent.java:345)
	at com.blueapron.marinator.generated.MarinadeHelper.inject(MarinadeHelper.java:254)
	at com.blueapron.marinator.Marinator.inject(Marinator.java:50)
	at com.blueapron.service.util.TimeUtils.<init>(TimeUtils.java:34)
	at com.blueapron.service.util.TimeUtils.getInstance(TimeUtils.java:40)
	at com.blueapron.service.util.TimeUtils.getClock(TimeUtils.java:47)
	at com.blueapron.service.BaseInstrumentationTest.setDateForTest(BaseInstrumentationTest.java:54)
	at com.blueapron.service.BaseInstrumentationTest.initBase(BaseInstrumentationTest.java:71)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
	at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.statement.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:76)
	at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.statement.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:61)
	at com.blueapron.testcommon.FlakyTestRule$1.evaluate(FlakyTestRule.java:30)
	at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:61)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
	at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.run(AndroidJUnit4.java:154)
	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
	at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
	at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:56)
	at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:395)
	at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2189)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker implementation declared in sun.misc.CompoundEnumeration@f915e73
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginInitializer.loadImpl(PluginInitializer.java:57)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:65)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:50)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginRegistry.<init>(PluginRegistry.java:26)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.Plugins.<clinit>(Plugins.java:20)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.Plugins.getMockMaker(Plugins.java:36)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.<clinit>(MockUtil.java:28)
	... 59 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:343)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginInitializer.loadImpl(PluginInitializer.java:52)
	... 65 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to resolve the class file version of the current VM: This JVM's version string does not seem to be valid: 0
	at net.bytebuddy.ClassFileVersion$VersionLocator$Unresolved.resolve(ClassFileVersion.java:558)
	at net.bytebuddy.ClassFileVersion.ofThisVm(ClassFileVersion.java:276)
	at net.bytebuddy.description.method.ParameterList$ForLoadedExecutable.of(ParameterList.java:205)
	at net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodDescription$ForLoadedMethod.getParameters(MethodDescription.java:1179)
	at net.bytebuddy.implementation.bind.annotation.TargetMethodAnnotationDrivenBinder.compile(TargetMethodAnnotationDrivenBinder.java:82)
	at net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation$ImplementationDelegate$ForStaticMethod.of(MethodDelegation.java:948)
	at net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation$WithCustomProperties.to(MethodDelegation.java:1512)
	at net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation$WithCustomProperties.to(MethodDelegation.java:1493)
	at net.bytebuddy.implementation.MethodDelegation.to(MethodDelegation.java:271)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassBytecodeGenerator.<init>(SubclassBytecodeGenerator.java:63)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassBytecodeGenerator.<init>(SubclassBytecodeGenerator.java:73)
	at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:37)
	at org.mockito.android.internal.creation.AndroidByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(AndroidByteBuddyMockMaker.java:22)
	... 68 more

It looks like something may not quite play nicely with the Android ByteBuddy MockMaker in the newest versions?

In our instrumentation tests, we’re using androidTestImplementation org.mockito:mockito-android:3.11.0. Our unit tests using testImplementation org:mockito:mockito-core:3.11.0 appear to be working just fine, which is why I suspect something is off in the Android specific implementation.

I’m not sure how best to debug this further - is there additional information that would be useful?

[fdspbsteam]

I faced with the same error, how I can fix it?

[wasky]

Mockito is the only one lib in the project which uses Byte Buddy (1.11.3). I just realized that the stack trace is different that the original one for this issue, so I created a new issue: https://github.com/mockito/mockito/issues/2355