pip3 install ocrmypdf : "Failed building wheel for pikepdf" + 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

So i am trying to install the latest version of ocrmypdf with pip3 (as apt-get offers only a much older version 6.x), followed by a couple of errors.

Python 2.7.1.6 and 3.6.8 are installed, including the corresponding dev packages. Really don’t know how to overcome this problem 😕

lubuntu@lubuntu-pc:~$ pip3 install ocrmypdf
Collecting ocrmypdf
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e2/67/6824ed4b624e944c471e76d316fedb4daa31f8f1d99246163a60e11e5984/ocrmypdf-8.3.0-py35-none-any.whl
Collecting pikepdf<2,>=1.3.0 (from ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/04/a0/0951cda6ebdf3d205af9b177250382e3c149a96b82d0ce75e984310488e1/pikepdf-1.3.0.tar.gz
Collecting ruffus>=2.7.0 (from ocrmypdf)
Collecting img2pdf<0.4,>=0.3.0 (from ocrmypdf)
Collecting cffi>=1.9.1 (from ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5b/a6/7e590b12e023e7e7d4068d7198e10a0ac71dcb3bcd9b7a994ab3b5e29ece/cffi-1.12.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl
Collecting reportlab>=3.3.0 (from ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d4/db/832a82e288659a1f64b1a9489dfdd9d07b18b09a7b9da1294fe2d43d1a8f/reportlab-3.5.21-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl
Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.4 (from ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pdfminer.six==20181108; sys_platform != "darwin" (from ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/fd/6e8746e6965d1a7ea8e97253e3d79e625da5547e8f376f88de5d024bacb9/pdfminer.six-20181108-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting lxml>=4.0 (from pikepdf<2,>=1.3.0->ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/91/fd/2d2adb8c6592b803b50859205a2dcb07355f289c69d1c2e1b7fced05c299/lxml-4.3.3-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl
Collecting Pillow (from img2pdf<0.4,>=0.3.0->ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/01/a16c3c3c652b55c70738e22ce42a88fbfc1afad5edf1632be9c810a3dbdd/Pillow-6.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl
Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.9.1->ocrmypdf)
Collecting six (from pdfminer.six==20181108; sys_platform != "darwin"->ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting sortedcontainers (from pdfminer.six==20181108; sys_platform != "darwin"->ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/13/f3/cf85f7c3a2dbd1a515d51e1f1676d971abe41bba6f4ab5443240d9a78e5b/sortedcontainers-2.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pycryptodome (from pdfminer.six==20181108; sys_platform != "darwin"->ocrmypdf)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2c/09/a91aacf54b2b835efea77f5a26613e53216a12e0643a1dcae6fb5ee3e49c/pycryptodome-3.8.1-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_i686.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: pikepdf
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pikepdf ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-nvm5mh1d/pikepdf/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpl93hqfxapip-wheel- --python-tag cp36:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6
  creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  copying src/pikepdf/_cpphelpers.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  copying src/pikepdf/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  copying src/pikepdf/_methods.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  copying src/pikepdf/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  copying src/pikepdf/objects.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
  creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
  copying src/pikepdf/models/matrix.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
  copying src/pikepdf/models/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
  copying src/pikepdf/models/metadata.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
  copying src/pikepdf/models/image.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
  running build_ext
  creating tmp
  i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c /tmp/tmp4gh97y7h.cpp -o tmp/tmp4gh97y7h.o -std=c++14
  i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c /tmp/tmp84ilosug.cpp -o tmp/tmp84ilosug.o -fvisibility=hidden
  building 'pikepdf._qpdf' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6
  creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src
  creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src/qpdf
  i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/local/include/python3.6 -I/home/lubuntu/.local/include/python3.6m -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c src/qpdf/object.cpp -o build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src/qpdf/object.o -DVERSION_INFO="1.3.0" -std=c++14 -fvisibility=hidden
  src/qpdf/object.cpp:14:10: fatal error: qpdf/Constants.h: No such file or directory
   #include <qpdf/Constants.h>
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
  
  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for pikepdf
  Running setup.py clean for pikepdf
Failed to build pikepdf
Installing collected packages: lxml, pikepdf, ruffus, Pillow, img2pdf, pycparser, cffi, reportlab, chardet, six, sortedcontainers, pycryptodome, pdfminer.six, ocrmypdf
  Running setup.py install for pikepdf ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-nvm5mh1d/pikepdf/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-lm1927j7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    copying src/pikepdf/_cpphelpers.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    copying src/pikepdf/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    copying src/pikepdf/_methods.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    copying src/pikepdf/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    copying src/pikepdf/objects.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf
    creating build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
    copying src/pikepdf/models/matrix.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
    copying src/pikepdf/models/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
    copying src/pikepdf/models/metadata.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
    copying src/pikepdf/models/image.py -> build/lib.linux-i686-3.6/pikepdf/models
    running build_ext
    i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c /tmp/tmpasoqgg_x.cpp -o tmp/tmpasoqgg_x.o -std=c++14
    i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c /tmp/tmpnfuf9sas.cpp -o tmp/tmpnfuf9sas.o -fvisibility=hidden
    building 'pikepdf._qpdf' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src
    creating build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src/qpdf
    i686-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/local/include/python3.6 -I/home/lubuntu/.local/include/python3.6m -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c src/qpdf/object.cpp -o build/temp.linux-i686-3.6/src/qpdf/object.o -DVERSION_INFO="1.3.0" -std=c++14 -fvisibility=hidden
    src/qpdf/object.cpp:14:10: fatal error: qpdf/Constants.h: No such file or directory
     #include <qpdf/Constants.h>
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'i686-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-nvm5mh1d/pikepdf/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-lm1927j7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --user --prefix=" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-nvm5mh1d/pikepdf/                                          `

[jbarlow83]

Oh, I see it now. You’re the first i686 (32-bit) Linux user. I don’t build binary wheels for pikepdf in 32-bit because I thought none of you were left 😃.

You’ll need to build the latest version of qpdf from source. See here: https://pikepdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#building-from-source

Ubuntu 18.10 doesn’t have a new enough version of qpdf. If you build and make install qpdf to /usr/local/include, that should do it, as in, it will provide the header files needed for pikepdf to build.

[LikeCarter]

I found this on Reddit. Solved my issue:

"The compilation cannot succeed because it relies on your system having a particular library and the source code (or at least the description of the library’s interface), which is the header files it’s missing.

Probably, something like apt-get install libqpdf-dev will solve your problem."