Cannot/don't know how to publish message with `byte[]` field

Bug report

Required Info:

• Operating System:
  • Ubuntu 20.04
• Installation type:
  • binaries
• Version or commit hash:
  • ros2cli 0.13.4
• DDS implementation:
  • rmw_cyclonedds_cpp: 0.22.5
• Client library (if applicable):
  • N/A

Steps to reproduce issue

Trying to ros2 topic pub a std_msgs/msg/ByteMultiArray message. I have tried:

bash ros2 topic pub -1 /whatever std_msgs/msg/ByteMultiArray "{data: [{3}, {4}]}"

and

bash ros2 topic pub -1 /whatever std_msgs/msg/ByteMultiArray "{data: [0x03, 0x04]}" 

Expected behavior

Successful publishing.

Actual behavior

Error response:

Failed to populate field: The 'data' field must be a set or sequence and each value of type 'bytes'

Additional information

• Related ROS Answer: https://answers.ros.org/question/406242/how-is-a-std_msgsmsgbytemultiarray-message-published-via-cli/

[iuhilnehc-ynos]

@fujitatomoya

The generated message for python in build/std_msgs/ament_cmake_python/std_msgs/std_msgs/msg/_byte_multi_array.py:158 only checking a type bytes seems not enough.

            assert \
                ((isinstance(value, Sequence) or
                  isinstance(value, Set) or
                  isinstance(value, UserList)) and
                 not isinstance(value, str) and
                 not isinstance(value, UserString) and
                 all(isinstance(v, bytes) for v in value) and
                 True), \
                "The 'data' field must be a set or sequence and each value of type 'bytes'"
        self._data = value

The type could be int if using ros2 topic pub -1 /whatever std_msgs/msg/ByteMultiArray "{data: [3]}".

I am afraid that we should update the above source code with

            assert \
                ((isinstance(value, Sequence) or
                  isinstance(value, Set) or
                  isinstance(value, UserList)) and
                 not isinstance(value, str) and
                 not isinstance(value, UserString) and
                 all((isinstance(v, bytes) or isinstance(v, int)) for v in value) and
                 True), \
                "The 'data' field must be a set or sequence and each value of type 'bytes'"
        if any(isinstance(v, int) for v in value):
            self._data = bytearray(value)
        else:
            self._data = value

NOTE: It means that we need to update https://github.com/ros2/rosidl_python/blob/52e099efef21366ff651385da865e305228d24ec/rosidl_generator_py/resource/_msg.py.em

[fujitatomoya]

root@tomoyafujita:~/ros2_ws/colcon_ws# ros2 topic pub -1 /whatever std_msgs/msg/Byte "\!\!binary 'Aw=='"
The passed value needs to be a dictionary in YAML format
root@tomoyafujita:~/ros2_ws/colcon_ws# ros2 topic pub -1 /whatever std_msgs/msg/Byte "\!\!binary 'AwQ='"
The passed value needs to be a dictionary in YAML format

both do not work.