[🐛 Bug]: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$ByteBuddy$RwtMl7Wf cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools

What happened?

I am running latest selenium-docker image:

sudo docker run -d -p 4444:4444 --shm-size="2g" -e SCREEN_WIDTH=1280 -e SCREEN_HEIGHT=720 selenium/standalone-chrome:4.1.0-20211209

In my Java application I have the following code snippet that throws ClassCastException:

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
String driverUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub";
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(driverUrl), options);
driver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
DevTools devTools = ((HasDevTools) driver).getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();

As soon as the HasDevTools cast is attempted, I am getting:

org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$ByteBuddy$RwtMl7Wf cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$ByteBuddy$RwtMl7Wf cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools

I have carefully reviewed all the similar issues, but none of them seems to have concluded on this particular bug.

My relevant grade dependency is:

implementation 'org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:4.1.0'
implementation 'org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-devtools-v94:4.1.0'

My JDK is:

OS Version: 4.14.252-195.483.amzn2.x86_64 Java Name: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Java Vendor: Oracle Corporation Java Version: 9.0.4 Java VM Version: 9.0.4+11

How can we reproduce the issue?

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
String driverUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub";
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(driverUrl), options);
driver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
DevTools devTools = ((HasDevTools) driver).getDevTools();
devTools.createSession();

Relevant log output

2021-12-10      17:04:26        UTC     comment server  INFO    200     -       Tricky cast     _defaultVHost_  -       -       30.728  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -
       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -
2021-12-10      17:04:26        UTC     comment server  ERROR   500     -       Error initializing stack: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$ByteBuddy$RwtMl7Wf cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver$ByteBuddy$RwtMl7Wf cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.devtools.HasDevTools|at com.mycompany.blah.Foo.lambda$new$3(Foo.java:291)|at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(Unknown Source)|at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)|at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)|at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)|    _defaultVHost_  -       -       30.73   -

Operating System

Amazon Linux

Selenium version

4.1.0

What are the browser(s) and version(s) where you see this issue?

Chrome

What are the browser driver(s) and version(s) where you see this issue?

the one in your docker image

Are you using Selenium Grid?

4.1.0

[jhainzlschmid]

Confirming the fix: by adding the below to my build.gradle shadow related configuration, the issue is now gone because the services files are properly merged:

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '5.2.0'
}

// dependencies, etc.

shadowJar  {
    mergeServiceFiles()
}

Thank you very much!

For the people using Maven: You need to use the maven shade plugin (maven assembly won’t work) and configure a ServicesResourceTransformer. Heres an example maven shade configuration for an executable uber jar:

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>YourMainClass</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                                <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

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