FirefoxDriver crashes in toExecutor() method

🐛 Bug Report

I got the following error when executing my project from the command line whereas it works properly in the IDE (IntelliJ).

Exception in thread “main” org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Build info: version: ‘4.0.0-rc-3’, revision: ‘5fe1af712f’ System info: host: ‘xxxx’, ip: ‘1.2.3.4’, os.name: ‘Linux’, os.arch: ‘amd64’, os.version: ‘5.10.0-kali9-amd64’, java.version: ‘11.0.12’ Driver info: driver.version: FirefoxDriver at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseThrow(Optional.java:408) at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.toExecutor(FirefoxDriver.java:230) at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:186) at company.GeckodriverTest.createFirefoxWebDriver(GeckodriverTest.java:53) at company.GeckodriverTest.run(GeckodriverTest.java:22) at company.GeckodriverTest.main(GeckodriverTest.java:17)

To Reproduce

I created a simple maven project to demonstrate the problem (see Java code and pom.xml below).

Project | |_src/main/java/company/GeckodriverTest.java | |_webdriver/geckodriver | |_target/artifact-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

GeckodriverTest.java

package company;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriverLogLevel;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class GeckodriverTest {
    private WebDriver driver;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new GeckodriverTest().run();
    }

    private void run() {
        driver = createFirefoxWebDriver();
        driver.get("https://duckduckgo.com");
        set(By.id("search_form_input_homepage"), "selenium");
        click(By.id("search_button_homepage"));
        driver.close();
    }

    private void set(By by, String content) {
        this.findElement(by).sendKeys(new CharSequence[]{content});
    }

    private void click(By by) {
        this.waitForElement(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(by));
        this.findElement(by).click();
    }

    private WebElement findElement(By by) {
        this.waitForElement(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(by));
        return driver.findElement(by);
    }

    private void waitForElement(ExpectedCondition<WebElement> cond) {
        (new WebDriverWait(driver, 30L)).until(cond);
    }

    private WebDriver createFirefoxWebDriver() {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "./webdriver/geckodriver");
        System.setProperty(FirefoxDriver.SystemProperty.BROWSER_LOGFILE, "./gecko.log");
        FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
        options.setHeadless(false);
        options.setLogLevel(FirefoxDriverLogLevel.TRACE);
        return new FirefoxDriver(options);
    }
}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8">
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>company</groupId>
    <artifactId>artifact</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <selenium.version>4.0.0-rc-3</selenium.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>

                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>jar</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <mainClass>company.GeckodriverTest</mainClass>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                            <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                            <descriptorRefs>
                                <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                            </descriptorRefs>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-remote-driver</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
            <artifactId>selenium-support</artifactId>
            <version>${selenium.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-exec</artifactId>
            <version>1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>31.0.1-jre</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.14</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.14.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Expected behavior

I expect that the Firefox browser is launched, as when executed from the IDE.

Test script or set of commands reproducing this issue

Run java -jar target/artifact-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Environment

OS: Linux Browser: Firefox Browser version: 78.14.0esr (64 bits) Browser Driver version: 0.30.0 Language Bindings version: Java 11.0.12

[jlucbt]

I manage to find out where the problem was. It was not a problem with the path.

As you proabably know, at runtime, available driver services (e.g. GeckoDriverService, ChromeDriverService, etc.) are detected based on the content of a file named “org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder” that is located in the jar under the /META-INF/services/ path. It contains the names of the concrete available driver services.

When I examined the content of this file in my jar it contained only this single line : org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService$Builder

So, only the chrome service was available at runtime.

I found 2 ways of fixing it.

1st solution

I added the following file to my project that overrides the default one put in the jar :

Project |_src/resources/META-INF/sources/org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder

With the following content : org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService$Builder

I rebuild the jar and everything works fine now.

2nd solution In the pom.xml, I moved up the “<artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>” dependency to the top of the dependencies, like that :

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency>

etc.

And it works well.

If it’s witten as below (as it was previously), then it’s the chrome service that ends up in the “org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder” file. I actually don’t know why but I checked several times to make it sure.

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency>

This doesn’t work.

---

De : Diego Molina @.> Envoyé : mercredi 13 octobre 2021 10:51 À : SeleniumHQ/selenium @.> Cc : Jean-Luc BARRILLOT @.>; Author @.> Objet : Re: [SeleniumHQ/selenium] FirefoxDriver crashes in toExecutor() method (#9907)

Environment in the IDE and the jar itself are different.

If you want, provide a GitHub repo with the code and we can have a look, and then I will reopen this issue.

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[rockidude]

We got the same problem in our project. The last comment describes a workaround, but shouldn’t be the prefered solution here. Why is this ticket closed. In my opinion it should be opened again.