Ganache produces shifted or even negative gas costs in debug_traceTransaction

Expected Behavior

I expect the trace to contain all the gas used by the transaction assigned to opcodes.

Current Behavior

In reality, when I sum all the costs found in a trace I get much less than the gas found on a transaction receipt.

(The image is actually from geth and is here just for visual purposes)

Possible Solution

Investigate and either fix or explain why is it like that.

Steps to Reproduce (for bugs)

1. Create truffle project from a metacoin box.
2. Run JS test that calls sendCoin
3. Look at ganache logs to see the gas usage.
4. Request the transaction trace and sum up gas costs of opcodes.

You don’t need that exact box. Just any smart contract transaction. This is probably the simplest one. You could probably also use remix.

Context

I’m building a profiler based on traces and I can only assign half of the gas to opcodes. I’d like to know where is the other half.

BTW, Geth has the same problem, so there is probably some fundamental misunderstanding on my side about how gas/traces work.

Your Environment

• Version used: Latest and latest beta.
• Environment name and version (e.g. PHP 5.4 on nginx 1.9.1):
• Server type and version:
• Operating System and version: Mac latest
• Link to your project: https://0x.org

[LogvinovLeon]

I’d like to inform you that shifting gasCosts works. I’ve just done it on my side and now I’m able to reconstruct the whole gas use by a transaction and profile it. I will not close the issue because it should be fixed on your side.

[LogvinovLeon]

I’ve digged deeped into ganache trace and it seems like it’s shifted.

[
    {
      "gasCost": 24216,
      "op": "PUSH1",
    },
    {
      "gasCost": 3,
      "op": "PUSH1",
    },
    {
      "gasCost": 3,
      "op": "MSTORE",
    },
    {
      "gasCost": 12,
      "op": "PUSH1",
    },
    {
      "gasCost": 3,
      "op": "CALLDATASIZE",
    },
    {
      "gasCost": 2,
      "op": "LT",
    },

When in reality if I check here or in yellowpaper here are the costs: PUSH1 -> 3 MSTORE -> 3 * length CALLDATASIZE -> 2 *