`npm run dev` works, `npm build` throws a `global is not defined` in the browser

Describe the bug

In the last days I’ve been developing my app using vite+svelte+ts. The app imports @walletconnect/web3-provider, and I had to fight quite a lot to make it work because global, buffer, and util were missing when running the app in the browser. I ended up doing this:

• Install util and injecting it using @rollup/plugin-inject.
• Use @esbuild-plugins/node-globals-polyfill.
• Define global to globalThis.

You can see the full configuration in the file vite.config.js.

After these changes my app started working using npm run dev.

Yesterday I ran npm build and served it from a static server, and I’m back to square one: the app doesn’t load and in the console I see Uncaught ReferenceError: global is not defined.

How to reproduce:

I have a repro https://github.com/vrde/dapp-template

git clone https://github.com/vrde/dapp-template.git
cd dapp-template
npm i
npm run dev

# Open the browser, the app works fine

npm build
python -m http.server --directory dist 3000

# Open the browser, the app doesn't load and throws an `Uncaught ReferenceError: global is not defined` error

I think that’s an issue with vite because of the different outputs of the dev and the build commands.

(Maybe related #6065?)

Reproduction

https://github.com/vrde/dapp-template/

System Info

System:
    OS: Linux 5.11 Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo)
    CPU: (8) x64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU @ 1.60GHz
    Memory: 1.15 GB / 15.29 GB
    Container: Yes
    Shell: 5.8 - /usr/bin/zsh
  Binaries:
    Node: 14.16.1 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v14.16.1/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.10 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v14.16.1/bin/yarn
    npm: 7.19.0 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v14.16.1/bin/npm
  Browsers:
    Chromium: 99.0.4844.51
    Firefox: 96.0
  npmPackages:
    vite: ^2.8.6 => 2.8.6

Used Package Manager

pnpm

Logs

vite:config TS + native esm config loaded in 95.03ms URL {
  href: 'file:///tmp/dapp-template/vite.config.ts',
  origin: 'null',
  protocol: 'file:',
  username: '',
  password: '',
  host: '',
  hostname: '',
  port: '',
  pathname: '/tmp/dapp-template/vite.config.ts',
  search: '',
  searchParams: URLSearchParams {},
  hash: ''
} +0ms
  vite:vite-plugin-svelte findSvelteDependencies: searching svelte dependencies in /tmp/dapp-template +0ms
  vite:vite-plugin-svelte additional vite config {
  resolve: {
    mainFields: [ 'svelte', 'module', 'jsnext:main', 'jsnext' ],
    dedupe: [
      'svelte/animate',
      'svelte/easing',
      'svelte/internal',
      'svelte/motion',
      'svelte/ssr',
      'svelte/store',
      'svelte/transition',
      'svelte',
      'svelte-hmr/runtime/hot-api-esm.js',
      'svelte-hmr/runtime/proxy-adapter-dom.js',
      'svelte-hmr'
    ]
  },
  ssr: { noExternal: [] }
} +3ms
  vite:vite-plugin-svelte resolved options {
  hot: false,
  compilerOptions: { css: false, dev: false, format: 'esm' },
  extensions: [ '.svelte' ],
  emitCss: true,
  preprocess: {
    defaultLanguages: { markup: 'html', style: 'css', script: 'javascript' },
    markup: [AsyncFunction: markup],
    script: [AsyncFunction: script],
    style: [AsyncFunction: style]
  },
  configFile: '/tmp/dapp-template/svelte.config.js',
  experimental: {},
  root: '/tmp/dapp-template',
  isBuild: true,
  isServe: false,
  isDebug: true,
  isProduction: true
} +6ms
  vite:config using resolved config: {
  vite:config   plugins: [
  vite:config     'alias',
  vite:config     'vite-plugin-svelte',
  vite:config     'vite:modulepreload-polyfill',
  vite:config     'vite:resolve',
  vite:config     'vite:html-inline-proxy',
  vite:config     'vite:css',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild',
  vite:config     'vite:json',
  vite:config     'vite:wasm',
  vite:config     'vite:worker',
  vite:config     'vite:worker-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:asset',
  vite:config     'inject',
  vite:config     'vite:define',
  vite:config     'vite:css-post',
  vite:config     'vite:watch-package-data',
  vite:config     'vite:build-html',
  vite:config     'commonjs',
  vite:config     'vite:data-uri',
  vite:config     'rollup-plugin-dynamic-import-variables',
  vite:config     'vite:asset-import-meta-url',
  vite:config     'vite:build-import-analysis',
  vite:config     'vite:esbuild-transpile',
  vite:config     'vite:terser',
  vite:config     'vite:reporter',
  vite:config     'vite:load-fallback'
  vite:config   ],
  vite:config   optimizeDeps: {
  vite:config     esbuildOptions: {
  vite:config       keepNames: undefined,
  vite:config       preserveSymlinks: undefined,
  vite:config       define: [Object],
  vite:config       plugins: [Array]
  vite:config     }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   build: {
  vite:config     target: [ 'es2019', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari13.1' ],
  vite:config     polyfillModulePreload: true,
  vite:config     outDir: 'dist',
  vite:config     assetsDir: 'assets',
  vite:config     assetsInlineLimit: 4096,
  vite:config     cssCodeSplit: true,
  vite:config     cssTarget: [ 'es2019', 'edge88', 'firefox78', 'chrome87', 'safari13.1' ],
  vite:config     sourcemap: false,
  vite:config     rollupOptions: {},
  vite:config     minify: 'esbuild',
  vite:config     terserOptions: {},
  vite:config     write: true,
  vite:config     emptyOutDir: null,
  vite:config     manifest: false,
  vite:config     lib: false,
  vite:config     ssr: false,
  vite:config     ssrManifest: false,
  vite:config     reportCompressedSize: true,
  vite:config     chunkSizeWarningLimit: 500,
  vite:config     watch: null,
  vite:config     commonjsOptions: { include: [Array], extensions: [Array] },
  vite:config     dynamicImportVarsOptions: { warnOnError: true, exclude: [Array] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   resolve: {
  vite:config     dedupe: [
  vite:config       'svelte/animate',
  vite:config       'svelte/easing',
  vite:config       'svelte/internal',
  vite:config       'svelte/motion',
  vite:config       'svelte/ssr',
  vite:config       'svelte/store',
  vite:config       'svelte/transition',
  vite:config       'svelte',
  vite:config       'svelte-hmr/runtime/hot-api-esm.js',
  vite:config       'svelte-hmr/runtime/proxy-adapter-dom.js',
  vite:config       'svelte-hmr'
  vite:config     ],
  vite:config     mainFields: [ 'svelte', 'module', 'jsnext:main', 'jsnext' ],
  vite:config     alias: [ [Object], [Object] ]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   ssr: { noExternal: [] },
  vite:config   configFile: '/tmp/dapp-template/vite.config.ts',
  vite:config   configFileDependencies: [ 'vite.config.ts' ],
  vite:config   inlineConfig: {
  vite:config     root: undefined,
  vite:config     base: undefined,
  vite:config     mode: undefined,
  vite:config     configFile: undefined,
  vite:config     logLevel: undefined,
  vite:config     clearScreen: undefined,
  vite:config     build: {}
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   root: '/tmp/dapp-template',
  vite:config   base: '/',
  vite:config   publicDir: '/tmp/dapp-template/public',
  vite:config   cacheDir: '/tmp/dapp-template/node_modules/.vite',
  vite:config   command: 'build',
  vite:config   mode: 'production',
  vite:config   isProduction: true,
  vite:config   server: {
  vite:config     preTransformRequests: true,
  vite:config     fs: { strict: true, allow: [Array], deny: [Array] }
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   preview: {
  vite:config     port: undefined,
  vite:config     strictPort: undefined,
  vite:config     host: undefined,
  vite:config     https: undefined,
  vite:config     open: undefined,
  vite:config     proxy: undefined,
  vite:config     cors: undefined,
  vite:config     headers: undefined
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   env: { BASE_URL: '/', MODE: 'production', DEV: false, PROD: true },
  vite:config   assetsInclude: [Function: assetsInclude],
  vite:config   logger: {
  vite:config     hasWarned: false,
  vite:config     info: [Function: info],
  vite:config     warn: [Function: warn],
  vite:config     warnOnce: [Function: warnOnce],
  vite:config     error: [Function: error],
  vite:config     clearScreen: [Function: clearScreen],
  vite:config     hasErrorLogged: [Function: hasErrorLogged]
  vite:config   },
  vite:config   packageCache: Map(0) { set: [Function (anonymous)] },
  vite:config   createResolver: [Function: createResolver],
  vite:config   worker: {
  vite:config     format: 'iife',
  vite:config     plugins: [
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object],
  vite:config       [Object], [Object], [Object]
  vite:config     ],
  vite:config     rollupOptions: {}
  vite:config   }
  vite:config } +21ms
vite v2.8.6 building for production...
transforming (1) index.html  vite:vite-plugin-svelte transform returns compiled js for /tmp/dapp-template/src/App.svelte +447ms
  vite:vite-plugin-svelte transform returns compiled js for /tmp/dapp-template/src/lib/Header.svelte +63ms
transforming (5) src/lib/Header.svelte  vite:vite-plugin-svelte transform returns compiled js for /tmp/dapp-template/src/lib/SignMessage.svelte +89ms
  vite:vite-plugin-svelte transform returns compiled js for /tmp/dapp-template/src/lib/ConnectWallet.svelte +143ms
✓ 197 modules transformed.
dist/index.html                  0.47 KiB
dist/assets/index.905dfc2f.js    6.32 KiB / gzip: 2.67 KiB
dist/assets/vendor.416b51a2.js   771.60 KiB / gzip: 292.99 KiB

(!) Some chunks are larger than 500 KiB after minification. Consider:
- Using dynamic import() to code-split the application
- Use build.rollupOptions.output.manualChunks to improve chunking: https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#outputmanualchunks
- Adjust chunk size limit for this warning via build.chunkSizeWarningLimit.

Validations

• Follow our Code of Conduct
• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the docs.
• Check that there isn’t already an issue that reports the same bug to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Make sure this is a Vite issue and not a framework-specific issue. For example, if it’s a Vue SFC related bug, it should likely be reported to https://github.com/vuejs/core instead.
• Check that this is a concrete bug. For Q&A open a GitHub Discussion or join our Discord Chat Server.
• The provided reproduction is a minimal reproducible example of the bug.

[Nuzzlet]

Hey guys. I found another solution to this problem. I simply import wallet connect via: import WalletConnectProvider from '@walletconnect/web3-provider/dist/umd/index.min.js'; and to get the types working, I made a d.ts file with: declare module '@walletconnect/web3-provider/dist/umd/index.min.js' { import WalletConnectProvider from '@walletconnect/web3-provider/dist/esm/index'; export default WalletConnectProvider }

[WaterlessPiano2]

I got the build complete, and dev working by only adding

define: { global: "globalThis", },

to the vite.config file

The preview command throws an error like ReferenceError: Buffer is not defined on the browser console.

Updating my config like yours didn’t help with this error.